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Becoming A Bone Marrow Transplant - 864 Words

Tears, gushing down her cheeks, hands trembling, Layla struggled to compose herself as she explained her son’s illness to my father. Stunned, at the difficulty she endured and the distance she had traveled to see the doctor visiting from America, I felt helpless. His head lie against my chest, gripping me harder as he tried to hold back his tears. The thought of one more spinal tap was just too much. After months of chemotherapy and radiation, leukemia had snatched away the glow of life from my baby brother’s eyes. I felt helpless. A simple antibiotic, a successful bone marrow transplant, it was science and its unrelenting nature to help solve problems that soothed my ten-year-old heart. It was then that I began to fall in love with medicine. Early in my school years, I began doing research on natural, low-cost solutions to various health problems, and as I progressed through school, I was awarded multiple scholarships and awards for my research. This, I thought, was going to be my beginning of â€Å"helping save the world.† My dreams were quickly shattered by the sexist, male-dominating ideology that my father maintained. Growing up, I did just as well if not better than my brothers during school, but they went on to become corporate lawyers, John Hopkins medical students, and corneal ophthalmologists. However, because I was a girl, I was not going to be allowed to go to college. My mother had devised a way for me to be able to use the thousands of dollars IShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech : Donating The Medical Field1273 Words   |  6 Pagestype of donor, but to inform the peers around you to do the same. Body Need Right now, according to Donate Life America, there are 124,000 adults and children waiting for a transplant and out of that, only 79,158 people are actively on the waiting list. Just last year in 2014 only 29,532 individuals received the organ transplant they were needing (â€Å"Organ Donation†). Unfortunately because there aren’t enough donors, an average of 22 people die each day just waiting (â€Å"Data†). To put it in perceptiveRead MoreOrgan Donation And The Ethical Implications1441 Words   |  6 Pagesperson, even though it is a simple fact of life. For some it is a welcome event that can alleviate suffering and pain and in the end save the life of another. The simple decision of becoming an organ donor can save lives and improve the quality of life of the recipient. When an individual is in need of an organ transplant, it is typically known that they are in need of an organ that facilitates a restoration of physiological functioning and will often mean the difference between life and death. A vastRead MoreThe Debate Of Stem Cell Research1660 Words   |  7 PagesCommission to begin to study the question of stem cell research (Stem Cells Fast Facts). Since then many advances have been made and stem cells have been used to aid in the alleviation of several medical conditions such as macular degeneration, bone marrow deficiencies, and growing new sheets of new skin for burn victims (Hug). Even though there is much stigma surrounding stem cell research, the medical benefits far outweigh the cons of it. One of the main kinds of stem cells use in this researchRead MoreResearch Essay : Stem Cell Research961 Words   |  4 PagesBiology Research Essay Erica Ford In recent years, there has been a lot more talk about stem cell research than ever before. The idea of stem cells arose in the 1960 s, with the first successful bone marrow transplant in 1968. Now, stem cell research is a widely known topic in biotechnology and shows a substantial amount of scientific promise. The future of stem cell research and the impact it could have follows with many questions on people s minds, as well the simple curiosity of whatRead MoreTreatment Of Acute Myeloid Leukemia1136 Words   |  5 Pagesintensive chemotherapy, consisting of the administration of various antineoplastic agents intravenously with the aim of making the leukemic blood cells and bone marrow (complete remission) disappear, allowing production other normal blood cells. It is considered that a patient has achieved complete remission when the number of blasts in the bone marrow is less than 5%. This clinical situation is usually reached after the first cycle of treatment, although sometimes it may be necessary to administer 2Read MoreScid Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"bubble.† The only cure for SCID, at the time, was something that David could not receive. An exact match for a bone marrow donation didn’t exist for David. For twelve years, David lived in his bubble, free from common infections and viruses that could kill him. His immune system didn’t exist, and the outside had to brought to him. David passed away due to an unsuccessful bone marrow transplant at twelve years old, in 1984. Today, only a few dozen children and adults are diagnosed with SCID, and mainlyRead MoreCongenital Erythropoeitic Porphyria ( Cep )1581 Words   |  7 Pagesuroporphyrinogen III (URO-III) is necessary to facilitate the continuation of the pathway and the successful production of heme. URO-synthase performs this function primarily within the mitochondria and cytoplasm of erythrocyte precursor cells in bone marrow, although the liver also functions to produce heme by the same biosynthetic pathway [5]. CEP has been linked to a variety of loss of function mutations on the UROS gene including missense, nonsense, splice-site and small intragenic deletionsRead MoreEssay on Leukemia: Cancer of the Blood1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe river of life, the blood is the body’s primary means of transportation. Blood is a part of the hematopoietic system, which also includes lymphatic tissue, bone marrow, and the spleen. Blood is a complex transport medium that performs vital pick-up and delivery services for the body by picking up food and oxygen from the digestive and respiratory systems, and delivering those vital elements to different cells of the body. In exchange of the blood and oxygen, blood then picks up wastes from theRead MoreStem Cells: The Most Important Cells in the Medical Field1263 Words   |  5 Pages(adult) stem cells. They differ in their properties and exist at different stages of development in the body. Currently stem cells are being used in several treatment s such as bone marrow transplantation and cancer treatment. There are also numerous other applications for stem cells in the medical field. They are becoming some of the most important cells in advancing treatment for diseases. Stem cells are essential not only for normal bodily functions but also for the advancement of therapies andRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Therapy1450 Words   |  6 PagesAs time went by your race has gotten to the point where we are able to develop new drugs, vaccines and treatments to help out others in need. Stem cell therapy is one of the new therapies that are used to treat a disease or prevent it. Bone marrow transplants are one type of therapy that has been used for the treatment of leukemia for a while now. 1,6Stem cell therapy is used to replace damaged, diseased, or malfunctioning cells anywhere in the body with healthy cells. When a stem cell is introduced

Psychology of Intelligence Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Psychology of Intelligence Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Intelligence Network is related to a telephone network architecture which is invented by Bell Communications Research. In this, the service logic for a call is established from the facilities like switching and also allows the services to be considered or changed without redesigning the switching equipment. This is also considered as a service independent telecommunications network. It is seen that it is taken out of the switch and inserted in the computer nodes that are distributed in every network. Intelligent Network offers the network operators with the aim to improve and control the services in an efficient manner. It is also analyzed that there are new capabilities that can rapidly be introduced in the network (Gross, Nagi, and Sambhoos, 2014). If it is introduced then it is seen that the services can be easily customized to satisfy the wants of the customers. The IN networks was established by Bell core company which is situated in the US in the mid-80's. The idea was one of the achievements over there and also manufacturers are present globally and especially in Europe, the development takes place in a speedy way (Barnes, 2016). Intelligent Network system allows the service providers to distinguish themselves from the competitors who are prevailing in the market. Also, it is seen that there is an increase in the revenue and also the quality is enhanced and the scope of services to the subscribers have enhanced. It is seen that customization in services can take place for each and every user and also end users can maintain their services by taking into consideration reconfiguration with the help of telephones or PC workstations. It is seen that intelligent network system can abide by the interfaces of the services and also the service providers are less connected to analyze themselves with the suppliers. The intelligent network focuses more on separating the core intelligence and the information for maintaining the services from the shifting of the elements. This separation that takes place give result in optimization of the overall software and also allow the developers and operators to consider value-added network and also the services of the subscribers like optimal routing, voice mail, forwarding off the calls and also calling done through conferencing. These services help to translate into the enhanced network capacity and revenue while enhancing the overall satisfaction level of the customers and enhancing the subscriber base. In the recent scenario, there are two types of intelligent networks. One is created by ITU and is known as IN CS 1 which is known as Capability Set 1. This is also one of the international Intelligence network standards. Also, it is known as the international network standard. Next one is related to the Advanced Intelligent Network, AIN which has been consistent over the last 15 years by Bellcore in the United States (Mellers et al., 2015). The advantage of an intelligent network is the capacity to enhance the services which exist and also it is important to create new revenue sources. It is seen to meet the overall objectives the providers need the capability to introduce the services which are new in a speedy way. Intelligence network offers the capability to the new services or to bring change in the existing services in the overall network with the intervention in a physical state (Walczak, 2016). The next benefit is related to offer service Customization. The service providers also have the ability to bring change in the service logic in a speedy way and also in an efficient manner. Customers also want to have control over their own services so that the wants of the individual can be satisfied. The next benefit is related to establish the independence of the vendor. Service providers take into consideration the major criteria in which the service provider develop the software quickly and also in an inexpensive method. To achieve this suppliers have to integrate the commercially available software so that applications can be created which is necessary for the service providers (Rotolo et al., 2017). The next benefit is related to create open interfaces. Open interfaces hive permission to the service providers to introduce the elements of the network in a speedy way for individualized services of customers. It is seen that software should be an interface with the products of the vendor and also the standards should be maintained with the operations standards. The provider of the service does not rely on one or two vendors to offer equipment and software so that need of the customers can be satisfied. The last benefit is related to local number portability. Intelligent networking appears as a tailor-made for the number which is local and also it has a relation with the portability service data that allow for quick number portability. It can be considered to centrally deploy the local number portability from each and every service control points that are used as a network in offering services to the entire network (Clark, 2016). The intelligent network is one of the reliable solutions to fulfill the federal communication commission. Intelligent working helps a wireless handset to be considered as a cordless phone and also the rates are charged according to the landline. The intelligent network services help to allow for easy customization of a service and also it strengthens the LEC's competitive edge as the offering is given in the specific market. If the intelligent network infrastructure is deployed only for the numbers which are local then the incremental cost of installing the intelligent network services is minimized (Wright, 2014). There are various examples in which the uses of services are developed. Like for free phone, it is related to the intelligence network which is offered and it is considered by the companies who need to giving advertisement of the services by giving an advantage to their consumers for make calls of free of cost. Next is premium rate service in which the calls are charged at a higher cost than for the normal cells (Shanmuganathan and Samarasinghe, 2016). The services are used to connect with the information services that are given by the service providers. For instance: dating services and horoscopes. References Barnes, A., 2016. Making intelligence analysis more intelligent: Using numeric probabilities.Intelligence and National Security,31(3), pp.327-344. Clark, R.M., 2016.Intelligence analysis: a target-centric approach. CQ press. Gross, G., Nagi, R. and Sambhoos, K., 2014. A fuzzy graph matching approach in intelligence analysis and maintenance of continuous situational awareness.Information Fusion,18, pp.43-61. Mellers, B., Stone, E., Atanasov, P., Rohrbaugh, N., Metz, S.E., Ungar, L., Bishop, M.M., Horowitz, M., Merkle, E. and Tetlock, P., 2015. The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.Journal of experimental psychology: applied,21(1), p.1. Rotolo, D., Rafols, I., Hopkins, M.M. and Leydesdorff, L., 2017. Strategic intelligence on emerging technologies: Scientometric overlay mapping.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,68(1), pp.214-233. Shanmuganathan, S. and Samarasinghe, S. eds., 2016.Artificial neural network modelling(Vol. 628). Springer. Walczak, S., 2016. Artificial Neural Networks and other AI Applications for Business Management Decision Support.International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development (IJSKD),8(4), pp.1-20. Wright, S. ed., 2014.Competitive intelligence, analysis and strategy: Creating organisational agility. Routledge.

The Battle of Dunkirk Essay Example

The Battle of Dunkirk Essay Source A, B and C are useful when finding out what the Battle of Dunkirk was like because they are three different accounts of a personal experience of Dunkirk. The first source, source A is useful because it describes the evacuation of men from the beaches of Dunkirk back to Britain. The author of source A describes it as a terrible night for there was hardly any army and the ones they did have were useless. This suggests that the situation was very disorganised as they would have been retreating from constant German attacks. The phrases rabble suggests disorganisation and the odds and ends of an army implies something rather dreadful has happened to the men. For example they may have been hit by German dive bombers and so consequently many troops have been split up from one another in the rush to retreat from the Germans and mixed with the French and Belgium. The source is written by Thomas Kerr who was one of the naval officers sent to organise the evacuation, so therefore he should know what was actually going on. From the source it appears that he was pessimistic about the evacuation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Battle of Dunkirk specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Battle of Dunkirk specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Battle of Dunkirk specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He felt that the army were being overly optimistic; according to the source the army had great faith in the navy, it inspired them to carry on and gave them a sense of hope. But Kerr genuinely felt that many men could not be rescued as they had a small and hopeless navy. Although in hindsight many more men that he ever though could be evacuated were actually evacuated. Around 338,000 soldiers were rescued, 198,000 of these being British and 139,000 being French. Source B describes a scene from the battle, where German Fighter planes cut through those columns of soldiers like a reaper slicing through corn. This suggests that the German machine guns were successful at killing many of the British men. They do, however, seem to be exaggerated. Compared to Source A, Source B has a completely different opinion to source A about the Battle. Source A talks about how the men were the odds and ends of an army but sources B and C talk about how brave and heroic the soldiers were and in columns which suggests organisation. This difference of opinion may be because Source B was written by a seaman, manning one of the boats from the minesweeper. This was a small boat rescuing people from the land to bigger boats. This was only one end of the beach and very close to it, further up the beach and further away there may have been less chaos and organisation. Source C describes one man opinion of another mans bravery during the evacuation of Dunkirk. According to the author an RASC sergeant was the bravest man I ever saw. When the German Heinkel planes came back to attack, he grabbed his gun and shot at them. This then tells us, that some men knew what they were doing and had some bravery and also some skill. The source also shows a sense of desperation and no organisation though when it describes the RASC sergeant blazing away at the Germans. As it shows that there was panic and that he was lucky he had his gun to shoot at the Germans. Source C contradicts source A, as source A says that the men were completely useless, where as source C demonstrates the bravery of this one man although there was still a lack of organisation. In conclusion, none of the sources have dates with them, so they could have been written at anytime. This makes them less reliable because if they were written after the time of the evacuation, it is likely details may have been forgotten or made up. All 3 sources were personal accounts written by men on board the ships. This is a disadvantage because there is no information from the men who were contributing in other parts of the country for example in the army or from the civilians. Also none of them were on the beach itself therefore wouldnt know the position or attitudes of those men who were trying to escape of the beach. Sources B and C are written by men who were working the ships, and were not trained officers, while source A was written by Commander Thomas Kerr, who was one of the naval officers sent to organise it. Therefore his opinion will be more reliable than the others as he was in a high up and respected position of the navy. Also he would therefore have had an overview of everything and had a better idea of the plans for the evacuation. What could make it even more reliable was if we had a German point of view in one of these sources, because they are all from British men therefore only have one countrys point of view of it all. If there was a German point of view, the reader could learn about the evacuation from their knowledge and gain information as they may have had a different experience as they were the attackers. Although the sources are not useful because they are all only one mans opinion of the evacuation and it took place at only one place of the beach. For perhaps on another part of the beach they were lined up in columns with great organisation. Furthermore, this was only one moment out of the whole of the Battle which lasted from the 24th of May to the 4th June 1940, on other days it may have been worse or more unperturbed for the men.

SPHERE

SPHERE is a great unpredictable and exciting novel. The transformations between Introduction,Rising Action, Climax, and the Summary is almost perfect. As the wire snagged something the crew laying the cable on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean realized they had a problem for their were no shipwrecks on the chart. They told someone and this went up the corporate line of command and soon the military found out that their was something on the bottom of the ocean and that The military put together a team of people ranging from a psychologist to a mathematician. They called in Norman Johnson to lead the team he was a psychologist who had dealt with many, many disasters in his years. He comes in and comforts eyewitnesses who can't deal with the sight and helps victims and family members deal with the loss of friends and family. Norman was called one day and told that their was an emergency and that they wanted him to come in and work. He suspected that it was another plane crash. This guess of his was bursted when he was loaded onto a military helicopter and took off. He flew over the dark blue Pacific ocean and flew for what was hours but seemed to be days. Hours and hours of dark blue water was ended with a speck of a ship that turned into an entire fleet of navy research vessels. He knew then that this was no The introduction of the book is very grabbing. You feel that this is just going to keep building and become fantastic. This feeling of amazement stays with throughout the introduction. As the rising action starts to take off you just sink into the same world that Norman, Beth, and Harry, the three protagonists, are living in. You start to feel claustrophobic as your reading about how confining the habitat on the ocean floor is. After the rising action gets going the "gang" as we will refer to them as will meet many hard problems and take risks. They battl...

Spelling Tips Free Rein or Free Reign

Spelling Tips Free Rein or Free Reign Spelling Tips: Free Rein or Free Reign? Today, we’re looking at one of the most commonly misspelled phrases in the English language: â€Å"free rein† and â€Å"free reign.† Both spellings are common, but the original (and technically correct) version is â€Å"free rein.† So why is this one correct? And what exactly does â€Å"free rein† mean? Let’s find out. The Origins of Free Rein The phrase â€Å"free rein† dates back to the seventeenth century. We use it to mean â€Å"give someone the freedom to do or say whatever they want†: The designers were given free rein to try new ideas. On a literal level, â€Å"reins† are the straps used to guide a horse. So to give someone â€Å"free rein† is to give them freedom in the same way that holding the reins loosely gives a horse freedom to move. This is also why we use the phrase â€Å"rein in† to mean â€Å"bring something under control.† Just trying reining me in, bozo. The Confusion: Rein vs. Reign Unfortunately, â€Å"rein† sounds exactly like â€Å"reign,† so they are easy to confuse. This second term can be either a noun or a verb, but in both cases refers to the rule of a king or queen. For instance, we could say: The reign of Queen Elizabeth II has been largely peaceful. King Henry VII reigned over England from 1485 to 1509. As a result, many people think the phrase about freedom is spelled â€Å"free reign.† This almost makes sense, as you could take the phrase to mean â€Å"the freedom to behave like a monarch.† Not all kings have much freedom, of course. Some can only move one space in any direction.(Photo: Michal Jarmoluk) Nevertheless, this spelling began as an error and many still consider it to be incorrect. As such, it is always better to write â€Å"free rein.† Free Rein or Free Reign? In formal writing, idioms can help you express yourself clearly and demonstrate your command of language. As such, although â€Å"free reign† is unlikely to cause confusion, â€Å"free rein† is still the correct spelling. To remember, keep the equestrian connection in mind. You will avoid errors as long as you recall that the â€Å"reins† in â€Å"free rein† are used to steer a horse. And if you need any help with your spelling, don’t forget to ask a proofreader.

Should China adopt a flexible exchange rate regime Essay

Should China adopt a flexible exchange rate regime - Essay Example United States of America is one of the key trading partners with China. However, there has been controversy surrounding China and its trading partners. China is blamed for not opening fully its vast domestic market to other foreign trading partners through its currency devaluation, fixed exchange rate regime and tighter import regulations. China has to make painful decisions on whether to allow its currency to appreciate or not. In addition, it has to choose from maintaining its fixed currency exchange rate regime or adopting a flexible exchange range regime. By studying its economy and listening to the concerns of its trading partners, China will be in a position to make decisions that best suit its interest as well as those of its trading partners. If China chooses maintain a devalued RMB, it will generate more wealth at the expense of its trading partners. Why China chooses to keep its currency artificially low compared to it trading partners. There are many reasons why China woul d wish to maintain artificially low currency as compared with those of its trading partners, especially against the dollar of the United States of America. According to James (2010) China wishes to maintain artificially low RMB exchange rate to other currencies of major trading partners in its interest. Federal Reserve (1999) revealed that a country devalues her own currency when it does not have sufficient foreign reserves or unwilling to spend foreign exchange reserves to maintain its exchange rate to foreign currencies. China is among the richest countries with high level of foreign exchange reserves in the world. However, it seems China has different ambitions and is unwilling to spend its foreign exchange reserves to keep RMB at a rate appropriate against the dollar. There are many genuine and valid reasons, which make China keep its currency artificially low. The first reason why china wants to maintain its devalued currency is because it wishes to maintain high levels of expo rts. By keeping its currency low, China is able to make its currency cheaper in relation to other major currencies. As a result, it makes its products and services cheaper to customers (consumers) in foreign countries. This will ensure that China continues to exports a lot of goods and services to other countries. China’s currency devaluation approach is consistent with foreign exchange theory that stipulates that that the lower the currency in relation with those of other trading partners, the lower the prices of exports hence a country will be able to export more. Higher exports as compared to imports will enable China to generate trade surpluses and build even more reserves of foreign currencies. The second reason why china wants to keep its currency low is to discourage its domestic consumers from purchasing imported goods and services. China’s artificially low currency will make foreign goods and services more expensive as compared to similar goods and services pr oduced in China. Devaluated currency discourages imports and China will be able to control quantity and value of imports entering its borders. When a country increases consumption of domestic goods and services, it keeps its factories running (Saccomanni, 2008). Therefore, the country is able to maintain its employment levels and even increase employment rates with increase in domestic consumption. Furthermore, by reducing the number of imports, China will be abl

Case Study on Roles and Responsebilities (HRM) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Roles and Responsebilities (HRM) - Case Study Example As we progress through our careers, it is very important for us to keep learning about the latest discoveries and advancements in research so that we remain updated on the latest knowledge of our field. This empowers us and makes us knowledgeable so that we are able to deliver in any kind of situation and at any stage in our careers. Core skills are basically knowledge that one has; knowledge about how to do something, how to operate upon something, or how to connect things in a system to make it work. Competencies are, on the other hand, our abilities to do what we know. â€Å"In fact, some â€Å"skills† may be â€Å"competencies† in another organization. It’s not a black and white item that HR can make fit in all places for all things† (Browne). The difference between core skills and competencies can best be explained with the help of an example; Let’s suppose an individual is a very good structural engineer. He has sound knowledge of design and can design anything from infrastructure to multi-story buildings. A company is seeking such a structural engineer to prepare the design of its upcoming project. The employee is selected because he was able to convince the interviewer that he knew designing. However, the employee cannot get along with the peers well at job. He fights w ith fellow workers and is caught in controversies and thus gets fired within the first week. The employee did not have the competency to do the work although he was skilled. This means that certain other factors like personality and behavior were at play. In order to be successful, one requires both core skills and competencies. Customers’ needs in the oil and gas industry are satisfied by processing the natural resources extracted from the earth through a system. In order to run that system, there is need of money and resources. First, the system needs to

Preparing and Writing Essay Example for Free

Preparing and Writing Essay A basic key to producing good essays is to start early and work steadily over an extended period. Build in time for distractions and problems (e.g. illness or disk failure), and allow for deadline bunching. Plan to complete well before the deadline to allow yourself some leeway. As a rough guide, you might allow three weeks for work on a course essay. The deadline is intended to help you with time management make sure you adhere to it. Reflect on the feedback obtained on your previous essays. What strengths and weaknesses were identified? Think about how best to overcome the weaknesses. For example, if your essays have been criticised for limited knowledge of the literature or lack of depth, this may indicate that you need to devote more preparation time and increase or change the breadth and depth of your reading; if criticised for poor structure or limited relevance, you are likely to benefit from spending more time on careful planning and editing/reorganising the final draft. Using course essays to work on your weaknesses can help you produce a better essay as well as help to improve your general writing skills. Look more:  how to write a process paper Do some preliminary reading to help you choose an essay topic. The reading lists for the essays provide guidance on sources of preliminary reading. Generally it is useful to choose reading that is relatively recent, this is likely to include a summary of earlier work, some of which you may explore in more detail later. It can also be helpful at an early stage to make use of EconLit and the Library catalogue to check on the availability and nature of supplementary reading on a topic. As should be obvious, you should try to choose a topic that you find interesting. This will help motivate you to work on the essay and is also likely to make the end product more interesting for the reader/marker. Note that interest tends to increase as you work on a topic, providing you don’t leave it all to the last minute. Once you have chosen a topic (or even to help you choose from a short-list of topics), use your initial reading to produce a draft outline plan of your essay. The general advice on what makes a good essay, set out below, should help you to produce an effective plan. A basic plan would typically divide the essay/dissertation into a series of logically ordered sections. This skeleton structure can then be filled out by fitting ideas, relevant references, work and information required, into the planned sections (making use of references from preliminary reading, EconLit etc.) Taking time to construct an effective annotated outline plan should help you to: †¢ Produce a well-structured and coherent essay. †¢ Organise the subsequent work on your essay/dissertation and plan your study time more effectively. †¢ Read actively and more effectively making you think about how further reading fits into your plan and, possibly, adapting your plan in response to new information or ideas. Although the ingredients of a good essay can vary between courses and topics, the following broad guidelines are generally applicable. Structure: †¢ Ensure that your essay/dissertation has a clear logical structure. †¢ Use the introduction to motivate the topic, set it in perspective and outline the structure of the body of your essay to help the reader follow the argument. †¢ Use the conclusions to draw together the argument, provide an overall assessment and, possibly, indicate areas that might be developed further if space allowed. General content: †¢ The primary focus should be on analysis, not description or presentation of information. †¢ Make it clear that you have a good understanding of the relevant basic literature. But avoid devoting too much space to repeating standard textbook material. Generally you can make clear that you understand the basics in the context of presenting a more advanced or deeper analysis. †¢ Be innovative think of an interesting and different angle on the topic; draw on ideas from other courses (including non-economics courses) or general reading; go beyond the standard literature by making good use of EconLit or other reference sources; be prepared to challenge standard approaches. This is likely to make the essay more interesting for you and the reader/marker. †¢ Remember it is your essay, it should reflect your informed thought and judgements on the topic, not simply reiterate or paraphrase the views of others. Analysis and models: †¢ The appropriate mode of analysis can vary between courses and topics. In the vast majority of cases economics essays will involve the use of an explicit model or models. Formal models help to provide a clear logical structure, which is a major reason for their use in economics. †¢ When presenting a model, you need to make clear that you understand the model. This involves more than simply copying a set of equations from an article or book. To signal your understanding you might for example: provide an intuitive explanation of the overall model or key steps in solving the model; work out some steps in a model’s solution explicitly, when (as is often the case) this is not done explicitly in the original source; develop and work through a variation of the model not developed explicitly in the reading; compare and contrast the model with other related models; assess the assumptions used and the limitations they pose; apply the model judiciously to a particular situation. Presentation and style: †¢ Grammar and spelling matter. Leave plenty of time for editing the final draft to improve grammar. Use a spellchecker, but remember that spell checkers do not pick up all mistakes. Incorrect spelling of names and jargon can be particularly irritating. †¢ Be precise and concise. Conciseness allows you to include more within the word limit. †¢ Think about how to present data or information effectively. Tables or figures can be useful presentational tools. †¢ References should be presented accurately and consistently. See the lists of preliminary readings for a suggested standard style. Citations and plagiarism: †¢ Quotations should be used judiciously, if at all, to support or illustrate an argument. The source of any quotation should be clearly stated, including the page reference. †¢ Data sources should be clearly cited. †¢ When summarising or describing someone’s work the source or sources should be clearly stated. †¢ The University of Edinburgh’s Undergraduate Assessment Regulations state: â€Å"Plagiarism is the act of copying or including in one’s own work, without adequate acknowledgement, intentionally or unintentionally, the work of another. It is academically fraudulent and an offence against University discipline.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Regulations/UG_AssessmentRegulations.PDF, para. 14.2) †¢ The University of Edinburgh’s Guidance on the Avoidance of Plagiarism for Undergraduate and Taught Postgraduate Students states: â€Å"Plagiarism is the act of including in one’s own work the work of another person, without adequate acknowledgement of having done so, either deliberately or unintentionally.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Discipline/StudentGuidanceUGPGT.pdf ) †¢ The Undergraduate Assessment Regulations add â€Å"The innocent misuse or citation of material without formal and proper acknowledgement can constitute plagiarism, even when there is no deliberate intent to cheat. Work may be plagiarised if it consists of close paraphrasing or unacknowledged summary of a source, as well as word-for-word transcription. Any failure adequately to acknowledge or properly reference other sources in submitted work could lead to lower marks and to disciplinary action being taken.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Regulations/UG_AssessmentRegulations.PDF , para. 14.2) †¢ The three preceding bullet points avoid plagiarism, by properly acknowledging sources (but would not, on their own, constitute a good essay or dissertation). Most study skills books contain further advice on essay writing. The Main Library Reading Room has an extensive collection of study skills books, which contain advice on essay writing. Several books are devoted specifically to writing skills, for example:

Hester Prynne and Abigail Williams in The Crucible by Arthur Miller :: Essay on The Crucible

American literature often examines people and motives. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, and in Aruthur Miller’s modern dramatic masterpiece, The Crucible, people and motives often depict patters of Puritans struggling for life during a shaky time. Two main characters from both pieces of works share the traits of a struggling Puritan as adulators. Even tough Hester and Abigail have similar traits, their sins differ dramatically and were punished differently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hester Prynne is a woman in Boston who is strong of her will. For example she had a daughter and refused to give out her father’s name. She says, “…my child must seek a heavenly father and shall never know an earthly one'; (Hawthorne 64). She is a very truthful woman except for one time. A good example would be when she has to lie to her daughter, Pearl, about the letter she wears on her chest. She claims she wears it “for the sake of its gold thread'; (166). Hester is also an adulator who is punished by the village. Abigail Williams is a teenager who is a great liar. She manages to pull off a big witch-hunt with skills probably as great as an actor does. She is also the niece of the town minister, Reverend Samuel Paris.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both these women do know the feelings of being an adulator though. Even though Hester’s affair is known publicly. Hester fell in love with the minister Aruthur Dimmesdale. They are very much in love but then she gives birth to his child and is ridiculed by the public. Abigail believes she is in love with a farmer named John Proctor. She wants his wife dead. A good example is when John Proctor says “…she thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave…';(Miller 102), which obviously means she wants Goody Proctor erased. Both women meet their loved ones in secret until their loved ones died.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adultery was a significant part in these women’s lives. As any reader can see, even people with the same traits have many different faults. Such as their ability to speak the truth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though both women are adulators, Hester is a truthful woman who never lies. She only lies one time to her daughter when approached by the question of what the scarlet letter stands for. Hester also never lies when approached by ministers to confess whom the accomplice were. She just says, “I will not speak'; (Hawthorne 64).

Definition of Child Development

A definition of child development Child development is another way of saying how children develop through different stages or how children grow and learn. It also refers to the biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between start and the end of adolescence. The developmental areas are physical, emotional, social, educational and cognitive. The ideal development of children is considered vital to society and it is important to understand these areas. These areas are connected to one another. As a child grows in one domain, this will effect and is then influenced by another domain of development.These domains are important in development because they focus on the whole child. New theories and methods have been found due to research in this area, with specific regard to teaching that promotes development in the schools. Also there are some theories that aim to describe a sequence of different states that make child development. Explanation and example of holisti c development Holistic development is an individual’s development in the following areas; intellectual, emotional, social, physical, artistic, creative and religious values and feelings. It is the development of the entire brain's thoughts and feelings.To become a tennis player you need to develop Physical – motor skills, general co-ordination, moving around the tennis court, hand eye co-ordination, hitting the tennis ball with the tennis racket Cognitive/intellectual – thinking the game, having a game plan, Emotion – self-esteem and self – expression some tennis players are quite where some are loud, handling negative moments when losing a match Communication – explaining how you’re playing, reasons for doing good and not so well, Behavioural and moral skills – taking turns in training, co-operating with others, social skills, having fun while playing, team work when playing doubles.General pattern The pattern of development C hildren’s development follows a pattern: From head to toe Development progresses downwards. Physical control and co-ordination begins with a child’s head and develops down the body through the arms, hands and back, and finally to the legs and feet From inner to outer Development progresses from actions nearer the body to more complex ones further from the body. For example, children can co-ordinate their arms, using gross motor skills to reach for an object, before they have learned the fine motor skills necessary to use their fingers to pick it up. During puberty there is another growth spurt; this time the growth starts at the outside of the body and works inwards. Hands and feet expand first; the shin bones lengthen before the thigh, and the forearm before the upper arm; finally, the spine grows). From simple to complex Development progresses from simple actions to more complex ones. For example, children stand before they can walk, and walk before they can skip or hop. From general to specific Development progresses from general responses to specific ones.For example, a young baby shows pleasure by a massive general response – the eyes widen, and the legs and arms move vigorously While an older child shows pleasure by smiling or using appropriate words or gestures. The several aspects of development are intricately linked: each affects and is affected by the others. For example, once children have reached the stage of emotional development at which they feel secure when apart from their main carer, they will have access to a much wider range of relationships, experiences and opportunities for learning.Similarly, when children can use language effectively, they will have more opportunities for social contact. If one aspect is vulnerable or neglected in some way, children will be challenged in reaching their full potential. Areas of development page 2 The areas of development described in this book are these: Physical development Physica l development is the way in which the body increases in skill and becomes more complex in its performance. There are two main areas: Gross motor skills: These use the large muscles in the body, and include walking, running, climbing and the like.Fine motor skills: These include gross skills and fine skills. †¢ Gross manipulative skills involve single limb movements, usually of the arm, for example throwing, catching and making sweeping arm movements. †¢ Fine manipulative skills involve precise use of the hands and fingers, for example pointing, drawing, using a knife and fork or chopsticks, writing or doing up shoelaces. Sensory development Physical development also includes sensory development. Sensation is the process by which we receive information through the senses: vision hearing smell ouch taste proprioception. Proprioception is the sense that tells people where the mobile parts of their body, such as the arms and legs, are in relation to the rest of the body. Cogni tive and language development Cognitive or intellectual development is development of the mind – the part of the brain that is used for recognising, reasoning, knowing and understanding. Perception involves people making sense of what they see, hear, touch, smell and taste. Perception is affected by previous experience and knowledge, and by the person’s emotional state at the time.Language development Language development is the development of communication skills. These include skills in: receptive speech – what a person understands expressive speech – the words the person produces articulation – the person’s actual pronunciation of words. Emotional and social development Emotional development Emotional development involves the development of feelings: the growth of feelings about, and awareness of, oneself the development of feelings towards other people the development of self-esteem and a self-concept. Social developmentSocial developmen t includes the growth of the child’s relationships with other people. Socialisation is the process of learning the skills and attitudes that enable the child to live easily with other members of the community. Moral and spiritual development Moral and spiritual development consists of a developing awareness of how to relate to others ethically, morally and humanely. It involves understanding values such as honesty and respect, and acquiring concepts such as right and wrong and responsibility for the consequences of one’s actions.

Personal Narrative and First-Hand Observation Essay

Personal Narrative and First-Hand Observation in a Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, the Ballot or the Bullet, and Dance with the Devil By davidleny Personal narrative and first-hand observation are key components if an author wishes to be effective in his writing. Through the use of personal narrative and first- hand observation, the author is able to gain sympathy from or relate to the audience. Although it can be argued the use of these two components does not result in effective writing, it is proven to be true in Frederick Douglass’ A Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, Malcolm X’s The Ballot or the Bullet, and Immortal Technique’s Dance with the Devil. In A Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, Frederick uses his personal life experience to demonstrate the inhumane brutality and mistreatment against the African American slaves. Douglass is effective in his writing and attracts the attention of the audience. For example, earlier in the narrative Frederick mentions how loving and caring his grandmother was and how she took care of and nurtured every slave child. Later on in the narrative he mentions that when his old masters die, his grandmother was isolated and taken away from her children to live alone in the woods in a mud chimney hut. Text 1) The use of Douglass’ personal experience with his grandmother captivates his audience because the African American enslaved community, whom this narrative at the time was directed towards, also had a grandmother who nurtured them. Likewise in The Ballot or The Bullet by Malcolm X, Malcolm discusses that even though people have differences, we all face the same problem. Malcolm expresses that whether you are Muslim, Baptist, or Methodist, we all are going to suffer the decisions of the man that is in charge of us. (Text 2) The audience is able to connect to his experience because e involved people of all religions. Malcolm’s experience allows the audience to become aware of what is to come and that they will all suffer the consequences. Malcolm is effective in his writing because he includes the rights of every human. The audience concerning their well being of is captivated and becomes aware of the situation. Furthermore in Dance with the Devil by Immortal Techniques, the artist reveals the truth that not everyone is good, that everyone has evil in them. The artist’s engagement of all races and of the welfare of the people gains the attention f the audience and is effective. For example, the artist says that the person right next to you could be the devil and that the devil consumes the hearts of the selfish and the wicked. (Text 3, Lines 1,2, and 5. ) His use of the devil as evil supports his belief that not everything is good. First-hand observation and personal narrative is required to have effective writing in order to grasp the attention of the audience. This is evident in Frederick Douglass’ A Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, Malcolm X’s The Ballot or the Bullet, and Immortal Technique’s Dance with the Devil.

A Piece On Wanting to Take Credit

A Piece On Wanting to Take Credit Publishing is hard. No doubt about it. But sometimes authors get so caught up in the publishing aspect of the profession that we forget the reader doesnt give a darn how the book was made, researched, written, published, or promoted. The point is for a reader to find a good story and feel that it is theirs. Theyve allowed this story into their life, committed hours and days to reading it, in hope that its memorable enough to improve their quality of existence. As a minimum, provide a wonderful experience to remember . . . hopefully a book to recommend to others. While this may sound weird to you, after infusing so much time and effort into the story, the end game is not to get credit for the book. Its to give the world a great story experience. â€Å"It is amazing what you can accomplish if you do not care who gets the credit.†Ã‚  ~Harry Truman For instance, books that Ill usually pass up, are  promoted  as: 1) free 2) cheap 3) self-published 4) five years in the making (or other number) 5) an authors greatest achievement 6) a great first book Books Ill give a second glance at, are promoted as: 1) a great story about 2) an award-winning story about 3) a poignant story about 4) recommended 5) a wonderful beach read, I want the author to care that I have a great time reading. I want the author to promise me a treat for investing my time. I want the author to make my life better. This is why we write. To fulfill a promise to the reader. To know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived. This is to have succeeded.   Ralph Waldo Emerson

5 Cases of Dangling Modifiers

5 Cases of Dangling Modifiers 5 Cases of Dangling Modifiers 5 Cases of Dangling Modifiers By Mark Nichol Take care that when you begin a sentence with a subordinate clause- a string of words that does not stand on its own as a complete statement but supports the main clause- the modifying phrase pertains to the sentence’s subject and not to some other noun or noun phrase. Here are five sentences that fail the test, with explanations and revisions. 1. Despite being reluctant to start a film career, Alan Rickman’s initial foray into cinema found him nearly stealing Die Hard away from Bruce Willis and cementing his status as a master of memorable bad guys. This sentence suggests that Alan Rickman’s movie debut was reluctant to begin a career in film. The modifying phrase must refer specifically to the person, not to a reference to something about the person, to repair this illogical error; simply insert his name, change the adjective reluctant to the noun reluctance, and, in the subject of the sentence, change his name to a pronoun: â€Å"Despite Alan Rickman’s reluctance about starting a film career, his initial foray into cinema found him nearly stealing Die Hard away from Bruce Willis and cementing his status as a master of memorable bad guys.† 2. Stopped up on blocks, I can see the boat from keel to top deck. Writers (or their editors) can often fix dangling modifiers- here, the writer describes herself, not the boat, as being stopped up on blocks- by starting the sentence with a subject and inserting the modifier as a parenthetical in the middle of the sentence: â€Å"I can see the boat, stopped up on blocks, from keel to top deck.† 3. Undrafted in 1987, the team welcomed John Smith to the franchise. John Smith, not the team, was undrafted in 1987, so, as with the previous example, exchange the modifying phrase and the subject to create a correct sentence: â€Å"The team welcomed John Smith, undrafted in 1987, to the franchise. 4. Bottled at the source, natural pressure forces the water toward a sealed delivery system. Again, starting with the subject is usually the best approach to repairing a dangling modifier. The water, not natural pressure, is bottled at the source, as is obvious in this revision: â€Å"The water, bottled at the source, is carried by natural pressure toward a sealed delivery system.† 5. With a successful track record at a young age, Smith decided that Jones was the man for the job. Who has the successful track record at a young age? The context may not be clear from this sentence presented in isolation, but Smith, the prospective employer, is impressed with job candidate Jones’s background, though the impressive track record could also pertain to Smith, so Jones’s name should be attached to the achievement to make it clear that this is what Smith finds appealing about Jones: â€Å"With Jones’s successful track record at a young age, Smith decided that he was the man for the job.† Better yet, also provide the sentence with a stronger start to replace the weak with: â€Å"Impressed by Jones’s successful track record at a young age, Smith decided that he was the man for the job.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesTelling a Good Poem from a Bad OneWriting a Thank You Note

Policy Analysis I Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Policy Analysis I Paper - Essay Example They have stated that it is the responsibility of the federal government in keeping the illegal aliens out of the country and expelling those who are in the country. This essay shows the characteristics of these illegal aliens in the criminal justice system at state, local and federal levels. The analysis done at the federal level is based on the data from the United States Sentencing Commission that contains info on the criminal defendants who have been sentenced according to the 1984 Sentencing Reform Act and Pretrial Services Act Information System that contains info of charged defendants having federal offences (Clark & Anderson, 2000). The numbers of the illegal aliens that are in the federal criminal justice have shot up sharply. This is because the border enforcement was increased, increase in inhabitant illegal alien population and better identification methods used for the illegal aliens. Other different factors may also play a role in the numbers of increased illegal aliens in the federal criminal justice. In determining what leads to the changes in criminal activities, Pretrial Services Act Information System and United States Sentencing Commission data are limited. After the introduction of Operations Hold the Line and Gatekeeper, the population of these illegal aliens’ defendants that were accused and convicted of crossing the border illegally increased. Even though the convictions for these offenses increased in other different districts, not the two districts that were the homes of the initiatives. Missing any details on the law enforcement initiatives in the data sets associated with every arrest, conclusions on the links between arrests and enforcements become suggestive. The ability in tracking the level of changes in criminal activities on the illegal aliens will be enhanced if increased data on the aliens is collected. The Cook County analysis showed that the enormous

Reading notes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading notes - Article Example For instance, doctors and lawyers do have diversified codes that suit their fields, but a professor from a business school tends to embrace the claim by Milton Friedman that maximization of profits is the major responsibility or intention of any business. The third outcome of learning is the revelation that there are clear-cut differences between medicine and practicing management. They argue that there is no professional body that is self-regulating and has the chance to monopolize anyone’s entry into the profession. The verbatim phrase from the book is as below stated; More so, it has revealed that it is not necessary for leaders or individuals to have an MBA to be successful leaders in the society. A good example is Bill Gates who has several doodles without any formal training in the same field or related field. The sentence from the book in verbatim is: â€Å"The value of the MBA is that one has successfully completed the rigorous and formal process of learning the critical and analytical thinking required of

Subject Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Subject Knowledge - Essay Example me that because the cover letter not only lends a more professional touch to the resume, but also makes it more convenient for the employer to imagine the skills and capability of thee candidate for the job. The third change I made was removing the objective. It made little sense to put the statement of objective when the objective is otherwise quite obvious to every employer who gets his/her hands at my resume. The fourth change I made was removing the list of subjects I had studied in my graduation. Unnecessary details don’t impress the employers. They set the impression that the candidate did not have much to discuss in the resume so he/she has discussed the unnecessary. The fifth change I made was reorganizing the content. I changed the achievements to the reverse chronological order to show the latest achievements at the top and the oldest at the bottom. This was done with the intention to facilitate the employers in knowing my latest

The Government’s Respect Agenda

The Government’s Respect Agenda The current position The â€Å"respect agenda† emerged as a broad idea during the 2005 general election campaign. Tony Blair coined it as being about: â€Å"†¦putting the law-abiding majority back in charge of their local communities†¦.[how we] bring back a proper sense of respect in our schools, in our communities, in our towns and in our villages.†[1] A culmination of what has now been deemed as being â€Å"anti social behaviour† such as binge drinking, an increase in prostitution and vandalism as well as a rapid increase in low-level crime, the respect agenda was aimed at community spirit. Backing the proposals with an increase in police and local authority power to deal with families who â€Å"blight† communities with unacceptable behaviour emphasised one of its key principles as the importance of rebalancing the criminal justice system to benefit victims Supporters of the scheme have claimed that it focuses on low-level aggravation and so enables the community to maintain the traditional â€Å"neighbourhood watchdog† element that has almost disappeared from the streets of Britain. Complementing the respect agenda are other proposals such as a â€Å"Face the People† scheme where community meetings will be held to allow residents to hold officials exponible for community safety issues and to voice their concerns on community matters. The idea of respect within the anti-social behaviour agenda has also meant that the net has been able to be cast wider with further goals including the creation of a â€Å"task force† to clamp down on school discipline. Teachers and schools will be able to apply for parenting orders where a child’s behaviour requires it and local authorities being able to do designate housing or community safety officers to do the same.[2] Criticisms and legislative proposals As a whole the scheme has received criticism for, at best, being vague and at worst for being a clever PR slogan with nothing behind it.[3] Opposing the scheme some have said that it will not work unless the amount of police officers patrolling the streets increases in order to enforce the scheme’s proposals. Procedurally, Anti-Social Behaviour Orders and Football Banning Orders have been criticised as being are two key examples of ‘Hybrid Law’, imposed as a response to criminal conduct, supported by criminal law sanctions, but operating under a civil law procedure providing fewer protections for defendants. These hybrid orders have the power to severely restrict the freedom of individuals, who have not been found guilty of any criminal offence. [4] Encouraging its use and claiming that local authorities do not use them sufficiently frequently[5] the ASBO was introduced by s 1 of the Crime and Disorder Act, 1998, generated heated debate at its inception and this intensified since its subsequent development.[6] Criticisms have also been levelled by a wide variety of organisations, but particularly by those involved with children, concerned over the increased powers schools will have in obtaining â€Å"parenting orders† as well as expressing concern over the way the homeless will now be treated. The Government has not only sought to rebut these criticisms, but has encouraged and facilitated the use of anti-social behaviour measures, as an active part of the respect agenda. Will the agenda make a difference? Contrary to this, huge support has been heard as the matters involved in the respect agenda mean that responsibility of penalising the â€Å"culprits† is at a community level rather than at an institutional one at the courts. This would ease the workload on the courts and also make way for more serious crimes rather than seeing that the low-level offences make their way through the criminal justice system swiftly. As the backbone of the proposal is a reform in granting certain powers and with that is the advancement of the use of the notorious ASBO. But with the intension of serving more ASBOs means that more of them are likely to be breached with statistics showing that currently one in four ASBOs are breached.[7]. This has meant that those who work in the criminal justice system have their doubts as to the performance of the scheme; saying that jailing people solely for breaching an ASBO seems extreme, especially if the reasons for the breach have not, in themselves, been ad dressed such as a drug, alcohol addiction or prostitution.[8] Although there has been speculation as to whether the attempted â€Å"control† of behaviour through the use of ASBOs is still hotly debated; a good indication of the working of such a scheme can be noted in society’s changing attitude toward anti-social behaviour as a whole. Drink driving was once common place but is now regarded as unacceptable by most people. This change in outlook can be said to lead back to the massive publicity campaign coupled with sanctions.[9] But once again evidence serves to the contrary using the examples of the increased use of cannabis as well as the increase in sexually transmitted diseases. Which both, despite long-standing advertising campaigns, have become increasingly widespread, with the likes of certain STIs on the increase and increased cannabis use saw the government reclassify cannabis to make its use and possession a less serious offence. The Human Rights issue Some writers, especially lawyers, have concentrated on the procedural aspects of on the main elements of the proposals and the manner in which â€Å"unruly behaviour† will be dealt with – via the use of ASBOs, criticising by considering whether the government strategy is consistent with its own human rights legislation.[10] Most controversially, the scheme has also proposed to go beyond the ambit of crime and is offering what has been coined as a â€Å"shut and seal† power. A new house closure order which would lead to people deemed guilty of causing serious nuisance to others being excluded from their own homes for three months, even if they own the properties. JUSTICE,[11] has expressed its concerns over the manner in which an ASBOs may be obtained and how procedural issues in dong so are likely to encroached on human rights. Using the case of McCann[12] where the House of Lords accepted that proceedings to obtain an ASBO in accordance with section 1 of the Crime and Disorders Act, 1998 the classification of ASBO proceedings as being civil would mean that hearsay evidence would be used in all cases, even where there is no indication of witness intimidation. Expressing it’s understating of the Government’s motivation was a perception that victims of anti-social behaviour have in the past been too fearful to come forward and give evidence. But still raised concern over its unnecessary restriction the right to a fair trial; adding to their argument that this is particularly so, now that the Criminal Justice Act, 2003 has relaxed the hearsay rule to allow courts to accept such evidence in individual cases where there is a demonst rated problem of witness fear or intimidation. Jeopardising civil liberties Police powers, under the agenda, have meant that greater powers have been granted to them concerning the dispersal of groups, even when there has been no bad behaviour. This unnecessary restriction on civil liberties will potentially result in a loss of respect for the police, and the law generally, amongst the groups singled out for attention (including blanket curfew imposed on people less than 16 years of age). This should be narrowed, in that only those groups where there is evidence of actual anti-social behaviour should there then be power for the police to order that people leave the area. So if the police believe that a certain area is especially affected then they can award themselves extra powers to deal with that location in particular. Not only are these extra powers likely to create unfounded discrimination against certain groups in society but will also confuse the police as to their powers and the public as to their rights. Further criticism of the use of the ASBO in preventing anti-social behaviour is that they contain prohibitions that are too wide in scope and infringe the rights of the recipient, making breach of orders very likely.[13] Parent power – Knowing what’s best? With regards to parenting orders and increased powers allocated to school when dealing with unruly pupills, literature has critisisied this for removing young people’s right to automotny.[14] Yet at a time when the government is emphasising parents duty to produce good moral citizens, a degree of confusion about the limits of parents power is perhaps understandable. Conflicting social norms prevent parents from controlling their childrens lives, while at the same time requiring them to take responsibility for their childrens moral education and to be accountable for their childrens actions and decisions. Parents may well wonder at societys expectations of them in seeking to find the balance.[15] Impact of the interest group and supporting organisations Defining â€Å"anti-social behaviour† The meaning of the term â€Å"anti social behaviour† is wide and so problematic in its definition. As different people associate different behaviour as constituted anti-social behaviour there are certain groups at more risk than others to be unjustly swept into its categorisation. So, the wide definition of anti-social behaviour has the potential to discriminate against those from ethnic minority populations, travellers and those who simply choose an alternative lifestyle. Another main concern is that the older members of society who believe that young people are predominately anti-social means that community ties may be jeopardised as well as community relations. The risk of unnecessary over policing of young people and perhaps the unnecessary criminalisation of (what to some may be perceived as being anti-social) activities may also be prejudicial to young people’s perception of the police and be detrimental to future associations between the two groups. With the majo rity of ASBO applications being made against persons under the age of 21[16] is seems that the creation of this tension would be extremely likely. How long is the punishment? JUSTICE has expressed concern over the duration of which an ASBO can be granted. ASBOs can be served against children as young as 10. The only criteria that the magistrate must use in deciding to impose the order is that the individual has behaved in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress. Breaching the conditions of an ASBO is a criminal offence, punishable by up to five years in prison. This means that individuals are being sent to prison for committing acts which are not in themselves illegal.As has already been discussed the conditions impose through an ASBO may be wide so warranting a likelihood of breach yet the punishment may not necessarily constitute the level of the breach committed. An ASBO may only be imposed for the minimum of two years, and an application to discharge an ASBO lasting more than this duration may only be made after the first two years of it have passed. The granting of an ASBO is intended to prevent future anti-social behaviour. But a two year period in a young person or adolescent’s life is a long period of time, in which as a teenager much can change.[17] JUSTICE argues that a duration as long as this is unnecessary and in part may be detrimental in the development of children into adults. Curbing what some would see as â€Å"anti-social behaviour† which may have only lasted a short period of time if allowed to â€Å"run its course† may now be drawn out over a longer period of time as part of the young person rebellion. The example given by JUSTICE is that if a young person of 15 is given an ASBO including the ban on entering a town centre, 18 months on, the now mature 17 year old may miss out on offers of employment if s till unable to entering the town centre.[18] Controversially, it has been suggested that this matter will affect children much younger than those suggested by JUSTICE in that the respect agenda is leading to a generation of children being demonised because too many are being given anti-social behaviour orders. Prof Rod Morgan, the chairman of the Youth Justice Board, says some children as young as 10 are being labelled with the mark of Cain on their foreheads because of a misplaced hysteria over teenage crime.[19] The wide spread of restrictions such as ASBOS in an attempt to â€Å"clamp down† on anti-social behaviour means that perfectly lawful activities can become criminalised through the use of an ASBO, such as children playing on the street. The fact that anti social behaviour must cause or â€Å"be likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress† should be better defined and narrowed to incorporate an objective element and a need for actual harassment.[20] Ignoring the root of the problem Whilst the civil liberties organisation Liberty[21] is concerned that children and vulnerable people who need help and support are being served with ASBOs fearing that this will create greater problems for those individuals and their roles in society. Liberty argues that if individuals are committing crimes of intimidation or harassment, then the criminal law should be used to tackle their behaviour. Concluding A suggestion for the way in which anti social behaviour may be prevented by non criminal justice means has been initiated in the respect agenda. The agenda proposes to rekindle a sense of solidarity in the community building bridges between neighbours and creating community relations. Due to this there is great scope for the use of alternative dispute resolution techniques, neighbourhood mediation and restorative justice responses. This would directly involve the communities that may have once been, or are risk of being affected by anti-social behaviour be it by young people or not. These methods would also avoid the need for a corrective criminal justice response. It would also aid in preventing the behaviour before it escalates; solving the problem rather than punishing people or removing them from their homes. At present the ASBO does not appear to be working as an efficient mechanism in the fight against anti-social behaviour. Be this because the restrictive conditions of ASBOs are frequently breached, and this can lead too easily to the further criminalisation of children and young people and (in many cases) to incarceration[22] or the more controversial fact that the frequency to which ASBOs are granted the stigma behind them has disappeared, with many young people penalised by one considering it to be a â€Å"badge† of their disorderly behaviour. At a national level, criticisms relating to the lack of fairness in the use of ASBOs need to be addressed and urgently if the ASBO is to retain any weight in society.[23] Charities have suggested that more funds should be granted to voluntary organisations and youth groups in order for young people to channel their abilities into productive activities.[24] A strong argument for this suggestion is that youth groups, activity organisations and extra-curricular centres where children and young people could attend on a voluntary basis be created. The organisations could work hand in hand with schools and maintain feedback as to the progression of the young person’s development, enabling the young person to be proactive and productive and so prevent anti-social behaviour in the long term and boredom (which may result in this) in the short term. This would also prevent the need for schools to initiate the need for parenting orders if they felt that a child’s behaviour was likely to benefit from these types of activities. Obviously, statistics are not needed to understand that anti-social behaviour and low-level crime are affecting communities at both ends of the UK and rapidly seems to have become a mounting problem. But this combined with the fact that parenting skills are being blamed and children and young people are having their freedom of association as well as their civil liberties encroached upon is all but likely to break down community ties and encourage bad behaviour further. But by creating a parallel civil system of justice where the definition of anti-social behaviour is extremely broad means that non-criminal activity, is in effect, being made criminal by the imposition of an order as a result of non-criminal proceedings. In a country that respects the rule of law – is it necessary for an order to cater for the crimination of behaviour?[25] What is obvious is that the ASBO appears to be a bandage over a gaping wound. The matters behind the granting of an ASBO and other remedial p roposals set out in the respect agenda such as lack of parenting skills and discipline, teenage binge drinking, drug and alcohol addiction, unruly pupils and lack of adequate discipline in schools and prostitution are not even marginally being addressed. Aggravating this with an increase in powers for authorities such as councils, schools and police and lack of community ties and neighbourhood schemes those who are in need of help are more likely to be punished before the true problem is addressed. Reference list Bright, S. Eviction for Anti-Social Behaviour. 2006. Conv. 2006, JAN/FEB, 85-91 Burney, E. Talking Tough, Acting Coy: What Happened to the Anti-Social Behaviour Order? Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, Volume 41,Number 5, December 2002, pp. 469-484(16) Collins, D.M. Tenant Liability for Nuisance Children. J. P. L. 2007, May, 669 – 674 Guthrie, T. Anti Social Behaviour Legislation. 2006. S.L.T. 2006, 16, 103 Hall, A. Children’s Rights, Parent’s Wishes and the State: Medical Treatment of Children. Fam Law 36 (317) 2006 Hopkins Burke, R Morrill, Anti-Social Behaviour Orders: an Infringement of the Human Rights Act 1998? R. (2002) 11 Nottingham L.J. Koffman, L. The Use of Anti-social Behaviour Orders: An Empirical Study of a New Deal for Communities Area. 2006. Crim. L.R. 2006, JUL, 593-613 Matthews, R. Policing Prostitution: Ten Years on. November 2005. 45 Brit. J. Criminology 877 Robins, J. Focus Police: Serve and Protect. (2006) LS Gaz, 9 Mar, 20 Robson, G. Community Justice Centres Part 1: A Political Agenda with Possibilities? (2006) 170 JPN 584 5 August 2006 Thomas, D.A. Sentencing: Anti-Social behaviour orders on conviction. 2006. Crim. L.R. 2006, JUN, 569-572 Case Comment: Anti-Social Behaviour. Knowsley Housing Trust v McMullen [2006] EWCA Civ 539; [2006] H.L.R. 43 (CA (Civ Div)) L. T. Review 2006, 10(4), D61-62 [1] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4597378.stm (Wednesday, 11 January 2006, 08:53 GMT) [2] Op cit [3] I bid 1 [4] R. Hopkins Burke and R. Morrill, Anti-Social Behaviour Orders: an Infringement of the Human Rights Act 1998? (2002) 11 Nottingham L.J. [5] Burney, E. Talking Tough, Acting Coy: What Happened to the Anti-Social Behaviour Order? [6] Hopkins Burke, R Morrill, Anti-Social Behaviour Orders: an Infringement of the Human Rights Act 1998? [7] Koffman, L. The Use of Anti-social Behaviour Orders: An Empirical Study of a New Deal for Communities Area [8] http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/public/article697842.ece [9] I bid 1 [10] I bid 6 [11] As per report via http://www.justice.org.uk/ [12] R. (on the application of McCann v Manchester Crown Court. [2002] UKHL 39 [13] I bid 6 [14] Hall, A. Children’s Rights, Parent’s Wishes and the State: Medical Treatment of Children. [15] Op cit [16] As per statistics included in Koffman, L. The Use of Anti-social Behaviour Orders: An Empirical Study of a New Deal for Communities Area as sourced from S. Campbell, A Review of Anti-social Behaviour Orders, Home Office Research Study 236 (Home Office, 2002), at p.8. [17] As per Memorandum submitted by JUSTICE: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmhaff/80ii/80we24.htm [18] Op cit at para 10 [19] Daily Telegraph, 24 April 2006, [20] I bid 17 at para 16 [21] http://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/ [22] In accordance with the proposals set out by the respect agenda: referring to the campaigns use of refer to this campaigns use of simple, populist language, justifying tough enforcement. [23] I bid 7 [24] I bid 20 [25] I bid 17 at para 19

Comparing Advertisements by Garnier and Neutrogena Essay -- Adverts, C

We are surrounded by advertisements which be found on the television, radio, newspapers, magazines, street hoardings, taxis, buses and through the post. Everything we purchase or watch is advertised. This is a technique used to persuade people to buy their products. Companies use the power of persuasion to lure their target audience into buying the product being promoted. Advertisements are used to make the audience believe they need the product being marketed. Some advertisements are more successful than others and I intend to investigate why, using two examples which promote skin cleansers one by Garnier and the other by Neutrogena. The first advertisement I will anatomise is the Garnier. The Garnier advertisement takes up an A4 page in a magazine. The main picture takes up approximately 60 percent of the page which makes it stand out and shows it is an important ingredient to making the advertisement efficacious. The main picture is split up again but it is not a 50/50 split it is more like 40/60. The smaller picture shows the girl applying the product to her face and the larger picture shows the outcome of using the merchandise. The picture of the product application is smaller as it does not show you how well the product works or what the end result is which is most important. The larger section is of the girl after application, the girl is very beautiful with clear skin, and this may make the target audience want to buy the product because they have the aspiration to have the perfect skin she does. On the picture in white writing is "GENTLY CLEASNSES PORES DEEP DOWN." "LOOK, THERE'S NOTHING TO SEE." it is divided on the two ... ... preferred the Garnier; the reason is it is straight to the point and aesthetically pleasing it is very fresh and informative without the need for a whole chunk of text explaining who uses it, the product speaks for itself. The reason I disliked the Neutrogena advertisement is that its too busy and also it has too much text which will not appeal to its target audience as most teenager do not pay attention to the text on advertisements. At first glance the Neutrogena looks like an article and once read tells you about the life of a dancer which will not really interest many people, even though the point is that the pore range is quick and easy to use there is no need to explain the history of the users life. Therefore to conclude my essay I came to find the Garnier advertisement is a better campaign than the Neutrogena.

An Online Business Expansion Proposal Essay

Dancy’s Fancy Butter is a local, singly owned and operated butter/spread. This business is located in Jacksonville Michigan. The operation started out from a simple request from a friend who wanted to buy the Garlic butter for a party. It was then that Anna Dancy realized the family and friend’s favorite dinner addition was a possible money making venture. The actual business side was at first a bit taunting. Anna had never run her own business, nor had she worked in food service or distributing food. There was a lot to learn that went way beyond the product. She purchased a mobile kitchen unit, and started creating her butter spreads. It was not long before the Health inspector paid her a visit. She was fortunate that she was giving solid advice as to how to move forward with rules in running a food service business. The holdup was minimal and it gave her time to actually prepare for bring her product to a larger customer base then family and friends. Farmer’s markets are the primary selling place for Dancy Fancy Butter. The product is made and kept preserved in the mobile kitchen, and then Anna and family helpers travel thought out the Jacksonville region setting up at Farmers Markets. It has been a great success. Now that she has a year under her belt, and with family and friends living outside of Jacksonville and the state of Michigan Anna Dancy had decided that she wants to explore expanding her internet presences and move into selling and shipping her product to a wider market. The advantages in today’s market for placing access to your product and services online are numerous. For Dancy Fancy Butter being online will open up an opportunity for a larger population to see the products offered. There is an international customer base available into Canada with the location of the company in Michigan. The possible challenges to building an online presence for this company will be assuring there is up-keep for everything from the website through the social media outlets. The online presence is bound to bring in more clients, the significance will be made clear and the management of the online environment will align with the overall goal to be successful in this endeavor. Current Online Competition The online completers that come up in a basic search for butter, butter spread and organic are, Home Earth Balance (http://www.earthbalancenatural.com/), Melt Up! (http://www.meltdirectnow.com/), and Bryanna’s Vegan Butter (http://vegan.com/recipes/bryanna-clark-grogan/bryannas-vegan-butter/). Earth Balance is an off shoot of the Smart Balance products whose parent company is GFA Brands, Inc. so even though this is an natural butter spread, it is still a part of a large company. The website is well organized, and has several appealing features such as a Recipe section and Kitchen Tips. There is not a ecommerce or shopping cart, so the product is only available in stores. The next company Melt Up! is an organic butter spread. The website is very basic. It does have a shopping cart and ecommerce. The site offers a newsletter and runs and RSS syndication on its front page. This sight is a good set up if you are familiar with the product. The third website like or close as a competitor is Bryanna’s Vegan butter. This site is connected to Vegan.com (http://vegan.com). It is more of a blog site. If the site does allow you to buy products, however it takes you off to Amazon to complete your purchase. This websites do have similar products as Dancy Fancy butter, however they are not homegrown, home town products. The advantage to Dancy Fancy butter is it will carry a local feel to all who visit the website. Online Marketing Suggestions and Strategies Three online strategies that are planned for the rolling out Dancy Fancy Butter online expansion will be an email campaign, a Facebook group for the company and third will be content strategy of building Cooking Tips videos for the website.

School types and service delivery education essay

The modern school system of Sri-Lanka has its beginnings during the British colonial disposal. Schools were started by the denominational organic structures for the intent of proselytization. Later the authorities besides established schools for the instruction of the kids. The authorities schools provided direction in the national linguistic communications and there were besides bi-lingual schools ( common school ) where English was besides used. This created a double system of schools, authorities schools and denominational schools. There was besides another sort of dichotomy in that some of the denominational schools imparted English medium instruction bear downing fees from pupils which created an elitist group of schools as against the common schools supplying free instruction. As a consequence of the authorities, denominational organic structures, private organisations and persons set uping schools at that place was no planning in the location of schools. The grant of free instruction with the execution of Special Committee recommendations under the stewardship of Dr. C.W.W. Kannangara in 1945 and the return over of schools in 1960 reduced some of the unfairnesss that existed in the school system. During the last 50 old ages some grade of rationalisation has been achieved. But still there are broad differences and deficiency of uniformity in the school system.School Types and Service DeliveryAt present Sri- Lanka has a 13 twelvemonth span of schooling. Schools are classified on the footing of the educational phases available in the school and besides taking into consideration the class watercourse offered at senior secondary degree. The schools are classified by type as follows: Type 111 Schools: – Primary schools holding categories from Grade 1 to Rate 5 Type 11 Schools: – Junior schools holding categories from Grade 1 to Rate 11 1C Schools: – Senior Secondary schools holding categories from Grade 1 to Rate 13 or Rate 6 to 13 with lone Humanistic disciplines and Commerce watercourses at G.C.E. A.L 1AB Schools: – Senior Secondary schools holding categories from Grade 1 to Rate 13 or Rate 6 to Rate 13 with all 4 watercourses at G.C.E.A.L In finding the construction of the school system, one has to see the economic sciences of educational proviso. With the demographic passage, migration to urban countries and the growing of private schools, the registration of pupils in authorities schools is worsening and the figure of little schools has increased. The following table gives the distribution of authorities schools by size.Table – Government Schools by Type and Size of Student PopulationTypeSize1AB1C23Entire& lt ; 50–01 198 1334 1533 51- 100–05 611 787 1403 101 – 200–66 1419 459 1934 201 – 500 08 660 1620 183 2439 501 – 1000 106 826 295 112 1339 1001- 1500 162 256 45 28 491 1501 – 2000 142 49 08 06 205 & gt ; 2000 263 20 08 01 292 Entire 681 1883 4204 2910 9678Beginning: School Census 2007About one tierce of the schools have an registration of less than 100 students on axial rotation while there are 292 schools with over 2000 students. The little schools are disadvantaged in many facets. Dearth of physical and human resources, hapless place background of students, deficiency of community support, unavailability to modern influences such as the media are factors which compromise the rule of equity enshrined in the Constitution. Equity in instruction starts with just entree to schooling. The Education Sector Development Framework and Programme of the Ministry of Education emphasizes, guaranting equity by enabling all kids to hold entree, to take part in and complete BASIC and secondary instruction. In order to guarantee just entree to primary instruction, the authorities has established a widely scattered web of schools throughout to state.Number of Government Schools by Functional Grade Span, 2006Grade 1-5Grade 1-8Grade 1-11Grade 1-13Grade 6-11Grade 6-13Entire2486 490 4199 2213 27 299 9714Beginning: Annual School Census, Ministry of EducationThe policy of the authorities is to supply a primary school within 2 kilometers to every kid of the age scope 5 to 9 old ages and a secondary school within 4 kilometers to every kid of 10 to 16 age scope. Because of this policy a figure of schools with little categories are seen particularly in distant countries.Number of Government Schools by Size of Student Population, 2006Number / Percentage of School with& lt ; 50 Students51-100 Students101-200 Students201-500 Students501-1000Students1001-2500 Students& gt ; 2500 StudentsEntire1,549 1,392 1,966 2,514 1,340 817 136 9,714 16.0 % 14.3 % 20.2 % 25.9 % 13.8 % 8.4 % 1.4 % 100.0 %Beginning: Annual School Census, Ministry of EducationThe definition of a little school at nowadays is based on the exclusive standard of registration of pupils. Harmonizing to this standard a school holding less than 100 pupils is considered to be a little school. Under the programme â€Å" Rationalization of School Network † , in 1996, 356 little schools were reported to hold been closed, as they were presumed to be wasteful. The two chief standards for shutting schools were: Minimal registration ; and Availability of alternate educational installations within a prescribed distance. Low pupil registration was a characteristic of around 80 % of the schools that were closed. The research surveies have discovered some major grounds for the diminution in pupil registration in these schools. They are: The handiness of ‘better ‘ schools in the local environment and the aspirations of parents to direct their kids to these schools, if their household resources permitted it ( a ) the hapless direction of these little schools by Principals and the hapless quality instruction ( B ) the indifference of instruction functionaries, Principals and community leaders towards the public assistance and promotion of the kids in little schools and the attendant impairment of the quality of instruction provided in them The little schools are found tucked off in distant rural pockets, among the hills in the plantations, in new colony countries along the seashore and in the thick of overcrowded urban homes, sometimes in the shadow of popular schools. These schools add up to about 3000 which is about one tierce of the entire figure of schools providing to primary school kids. These schools cater chiefly to kids of the poorest of the hapless. They have been neglected and forgotten and the parents of these schools are less demanding and prone to accept their batch. Inadequate resources portray the disregard and deficiency of concern. The stray nature of the little schools, unequal grasp of any good work done and deficiency of supervisory and consultative aid are issues in developing these schools. Small schools have to be reviewed in the context of their scenes and entirety of the job. The many-sided nature of the job calls for a many-sided attack. While acknowledging the demand to go on with little schools where there is a existent demand and presuming that rationalisation may take to the dropout of students, at least in countries where schooling installations are available within a sensible distance, some grade of rationalisation can be accomplished. Education Sector Development Framework and Programme ( MOE, 2006 ) analyses the wastage incurred by little schools. Harmonizing to School Census, there are 258 schools with less than 15 students with a instructor student ratio of 1: 04, 717 schools with less than 25 students with a ratio of 1: 07 and 1525 schools with less than 50 students with a ratio of 1: 11. It has to be noted that when the figure of students is less, the quality of instruction imparted in such schools is besides hapless. In order to run into this state of affairs a strategy of grouping schools in a geographical country as a school household should be explored. There is besides the issue of National Schools which are managed by the Central Ministry of Education. There are no recognized standards for upgrading a school to a degree of a National School. Of the 329 national schools at present, really few conform to the criterions laid down originally for placing national schools. The standard that would warrant a school to be a National School should be the fact that kids from all over the state are admitted to that school, that it is an all island school. Admission to such schools should entirely be on virtue. There can non be a primary subdivision in a National School as admittances to primary categories are done on the footing of the propinquity of the parent ‘s abode to the school. An extra standard would be the multi-ethnic composing of the school where kids of all communities are admitted and all three media are available which would advance national coherence. Sing the demand for advancing national integrity in the present context and the function instruction can play in advancing national harmoniousness, much idea should be given for the possibility of forming multiethnic schools in countries where the communities are multiethnic. In such schools all three linguistic communications can be used as media of direction and kids will turn up together as Sri -Lankans, while understanding their heritage and esteeming the civilization of other communities. Another issue is whether the authorities should hold a monopoly of instruction or in add-on to State proviso of instruction whether private-public partnerships should be encouraged. When the schools were taken over in 1960 merely a few class 1 schools remained as private and non fee-levying schools. There was a class of schools that were fee-levying and private, i.e. those who opted to maintain off from the free instruction strategy in 1951. Since 1980s, another class of private schools have sprung up and are known as â€Å" International Schools. † These schools are registered as concern organisations with the Registrar of Companies and conflict the commissariats of the Assisted Schools and Training Colleges ( Supplementary Provisions ) Act No. 8 of 1961 which stipulates that no individual other than the Director of Education can set up a school for kids between the ages of five and 14 old ages. Further, there is a misdemeanor of the Education Amendment Act of 1945 which stipulates that the primary instruction of kids should be provided in the female parent lingua ( Sinhala or Tamil ) . To acquire over these jobs, these schools have been registered as concern organisations with the Registrar of Companies. Earlier these schools prepared kids for foreign scrutinies and direction was provided in the English medium. Now some of these schools are supplying classs based on the local course of study and the pupils sit t he local GCE ( O/L ) and ( A/L ) scrutinies as private campaigners. Some International Schools appear to supply instruction get downing from Early Childhood Care and Development Stage ( ECCD ) up to Advanced Level and Degree degree scrutinies. From the Primary Level the medium of direction is in English. The demand for popular schools is of all time increasing and the parents with moderate degrees of income, who fail to acknowledge their kids to such schools are compelled to acknowledge their kids to International Schools sing the advantage of larning English every bit good. One of the chief aims of instruction is to bring forth a Sri Lankan citizen with a common set of values. The NEC has proposed Common National Objectives for General Education. The schools established by private organisations with net income doing aims can non be expected to carry through the common aims proposed by the National Education Commission. Further, the deficiency of encouragement to larn history and national civilizations in the course of study lead to the production of persons who do non value and respect national heritage and civilization. These schools appear to be popular among certain sections of society as indicated from the rapid growing of the figure of schools. Accurate statistics of this class of schools are non available but approximative figure may be around 300. The chief attractive force to these schools is the instruction in English medium. However, most of these schools do non hold even the basic installations required for a school. Most categories are housed in residential premises and there is in sufficient infinite for kids in the schoolrooms and equal airing. Other installations for athleticss and excess curricular activities are minimum. Hence, there is a turning demand that these schools be regulated by the authorities. Another class of schools working with authorities aid are the schools supplying instruction for kids with particular demands. There are 25 Assisted Schools tally for kids with particular demands. The prevailing doctrine of particular instruction is inclusion. As these kids have to be integrated to normal society, MOE has started incorporating pupils with particular demands in normal categories. In order to point these kids to the normal school particular instruction units have been established in about 1000 schools. However, particular schools are necessary for kids with terrible disabilities.IssuesThe dichotomy of schools at the clip of independency was reduced by free instruction, displacement to national linguistic communications as the medium of direction and the cardinal school system, but the blazing disparity continues doing the policy of equal instruction chance a farce. The location of schools, peculiarly the secondary schools is non good distributed as it has been done in an unplanned manner and about all non authorities schools were located in urban countries. The imbrication of the terminology of the ‘types ‘ of schools and the attendant confusion in execution of policies and programmes. The marginalisation and the disregard of little schools which are the chief avenues of educational chance to kids of deprived households, to carry through their right to instruction. The present categorization of schools deficiencies lucidity as a effect of ad-hoc alterations over the old ages, choosing few schools and resourcing them while the hapless schools were farther neglected obliging the pupils rush to urban schools, doing the hapless schools poorer and little schools smaller. The increasing force per unit area on big popular schools in urban Centres which are undergoing uncontrolled enlargement to run into the demand ensuing in overcrowded categories where acquisition and instruction may non be effectual. Schools that have started with cultural or spiritual background want to keep the same position and individuality without altering to a multi-ethnic and multi spiritual schools. International schools which are non legal and run as concern organisations do non conform to the educational jurisprudence and do non carry through the common aims determined by the National Education Commission.ProposalsThe school should be an establishment that fulfils the right of every kid to quality instruction that aims at developing a common set of values that identifies him/her as a Sri Lankan with dedication to Motherland while esteeming one ‘s ain individuality.The authorities should set up a construction with two types of schools, viz. , primary schools holding Grades 1 to 5 and secondary schools with Grades 6 to 11 or 6 to 13.Management, facilitation and rating of all public schools should be the duty of the Provincial Department of Education. Categorization of schools by different names ( National, Navodya etc. , ) should be discontinued.Education Division should be the unit to form the web of primary and secondary schools. Each secondary school should hold at leas t 5 primary feeder schools. The figure of schools in a division should be determined by the figure of school traveling age kids in the Division.In countries where schools are far apart and student Numberss are low, primary schools may carry on categories up to Rate 9 for a fixed period of clip.In order to guarantee continuity of instruction, a kid who is finishing the primary degree should be assured of a secondary school.Small Schools, which serve the small town community demands, should be encouraged to go on by supplying them with necessary support to develop as educationally feasible establishments.All really hard and hard schools should be upgraded with both human and physical resources to supply a quality instruction to make the mark of educating all kids likewise.Mechanisms should be developed to oversee and supervise little schools in order to guarantee criterions and to take prompt remedial actions when necessary.Primary subdivision ( Grades 1-5 ) of all bing 1AB and 1C sch ools should be delinked by 2015 and map as primary schools.State should do available a primary school within a radius of 2km and a secondary school within a radius of 5km. All primary and secondary schools should supply equal resources to guarantee para and equality of the quality of instruction provided by them.All unregistered Private schools including International schools should be registered with the Provincial Departments of Education. They should be regulated with norms for appropriate physical environment, necessary makings of instructors, medium of direction and a course of study constituent related to National Heritage and kid ‘s faith issued by the Central Ministry of Education.All Private and International Schools should be capable to supervising by the Ministry of Education and Provincial Ministries of Education.All Private and International Schools should run as non-profit organisations and all net incomes obtained should be ploughed back to the development of th e school.All schools should follow a procedure of inclusive instruction for kids with particular instruction demands. However ‘Special Schools ‘ may go on for badly disabled kids who require particular intervention.Section 25 of the Assisted Schools and Training Colleges Act No. 8 of 1961 should be amended to let the enrollment of private and international schools.School Calendar and School HoursThe school calendar for the twelvemonth is determined by the MOE and is unvarying for all schools. This is necessary because of the national vacations and the demand to co-occur school vacations with the scrutinies calendar. Suggestions have made that schools should hold holidaies taking into consideration the agriculture forms of the country as older school kids take portion in agricultural activities of the family. The provincial governments may be given the discretion to amend the school calendar to accommodate local demands without upseting the school vacations and public scr utinies. The figure of school yearss at present is about 200 a twelvemonth. School hours are 5 hours for the primary and 6 hours for the secondary. In the past secondary schools had two Sessionss forenoon and afternoon with a tiffin interruption. This is desirable as pupils can take portion in extra-curricular activities without taking clip from academic Sessionss. However due to jobs in conveyance, supplying a mid twenty-four hours repast and long distance that kids have to go dual Sessionss are non executable.ProposalsThe minimal figure of school yearss must be 200 yearss a twelvemonth. The states should be given the discretion to make up one's mind on school footings taking into consideration the local demands.Classroom instruction clip per twenty-four hours should be 5 hours for the primary and 6 hours for the secondary.Admission of Children to SchoolAdmission of kids to schools is an issue that has been the topic of argument at national degree. The job is that a certain class of parents resort to all sorts of artifices to acquire their kids admitted to the so called esteemed schools. Harmonizing to the current strategy of admittances propinquity of the abode of the parents play a major portion in the choice procedure and parents resort to deceitful patterns to turn out their abode. Children are trained to express prevarications and references near to these schools fetch really high monetary values in the belongings minutess some of which are fake minutess. Even after such intense competition the bulk of the parents fail to acquire their kids admitted to the school of their pick. As a consequence of influence mongering the figure of kids in the categories has increased to unwieldy Numberss even traveling beyond 50 in certain cases. It is impossible to implement activity based, kid centred course of study in such big categories. It is non desirable to follow any assessment standards at this degree for choice of pupils. In higher categories merit as found through an a ssessment procedure can be used for choice of pupils. Committees appointed to look in to this job have come out with assorted recommendations. Some of these are making off with primary subdivisions of esteemed schools or utilizing random choice procedures. However, the really influential yesteryear student anterooms have vitiated all these moves.ProposalsAdmission of Children to SchoolAdmission to Rate 1Childs who complete 5 old ages of age by 31st January of the twelvemonth of admittance should be admitted to Rate 1.Admission to Rate 1 should be chiefly on the footing of propinquity to the school from the abode of the parents.The maximal figure of students admitted to a category on the above footing should be 35.Children should non be subjected to any kind of proving or rating for the intent of admittance to Rate 1.